Update: Responding to my post, John Whitehead writes, "The standard textbook treatment of a Pigouvian tax is agnostic on what happens to the revenue."
He is right, of course. So let me clarify. I was trying to make a point not about textbook economics but about practical politics. Here are two propositions:
1. The tax system should be shifted in a Pigovian direction.
2. Government should be larger.These are largely unrelated claims. Logically, one can believe both, neither, or only one of them. In my view, it much easier to make the case to many voters, especially those on the right, for proposition 1 than for proposition 2. As a result, if you strongly believe in proposition 1 and are trying to put together a coalition to make it happen, marrying it to proposition 2 is not the best move.